Tun bayan barkewar annobar, sana’ar kasuwanci da harkokin sufuri na cikin rudani akai-akai. Shekaru biyu da suka gabata, jigilar kayayyaki na teku ya yi tashin gwauron zabo, kuma yanzu da alama ya faɗi cikin "farashin al'ada" na shekaru biyu da suka gabata, amma shin kasuwa kuma zata iya komawa daidai?
Bayanai
Buga na baya-bayan nan na fihirisar jigilar kaya guda hudu mafi girma a duniya ya ci gaba da faduwa sosai:
-Hukumar jigilar kaya ta Shanghai (SCFI) ta tsaya a maki 2562.12, kasa da 285.5. maki daga makon da ya gabata, raguwar mako-mako na 10.0%, kuma ya faɗi na makonni 13 a jere. Ya ragu da kashi 43.9% idan aka kwatanta da na shekarar da ta gabata.
-Delury's World Container Foright Index (WCI) ya faɗi tsawon makonni 28 a jere, tare da sabon bugu ya ragu da 5% zuwa US $ 5,378.68 a kowace FEU.
- Fihirisar Haɗaɗɗen Ƙirƙirar Ƙasa ta Baltic (FBX) akan Dalar Amurka 4,862/FEU, ta ragu da kashi 8% a kowane mako.
-Ningbo Export Container Freight Index (NCFI) na Ningbo Shipping Exchange ya rufe a 1,910.9 maki, saukar da 11.6 bisa dari daga makon da ya gabata.
Sabbin fitowar SCFI (9.9) ta ci gaba da ganin raguwar duk manyan farashin jigilar kaya.
-Hanyoyin Arewacin Amurka: aikin kasuwar sufuri ya gaza ingantawa, wadata da buƙatu na asali suna da rauni sosai, wanda ya haifar da kasuwa ya ci gaba da koma baya na farashin kaya.
-Farashin Yammacin Amurka ya faɗi zuwa 3,484/FEU daga $3,959 a makon da ya gabata, raguwar mako-mako na $475 ko 12.0%, tare da farashin Yammacin Amurka ya kai sabon rahusa tun watan Agusta 2020.
-Farashin Gabashin Amurka ya ragu zuwa $7,767/FEU daga $8,318 a makon da ya gabata, saukar da $551, ko kashi 6.6, a kowane mako.
Dalilai
A yayin barkewar cutar, an katse hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki tare da katse wasu kayayyaki a wasu kasashe, lamarin da ya haifar da “gudanar ruwa” a kasashe da dama, wanda ya haifar da tsadar kayayyaki a bara.
A wannan shekara, matsin tattalin arzikin duniya da hauhawar buƙatun sun sa ba zai yiwu a iya narke hannayen jarin da aka yi a baya ba a kasuwa, wanda hakan ya sa masu shigo da kayayyaki a Turai da Amurka rage ko ma soke odar kayayyaki, kuma “karancin oda” na yaɗu a duniya.
Ding Chun, farfesa a Cibiyar Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya, Makarantar Tattalin Arziki, Jami'ar Fudan: "Tsarin ya samo asali ne saboda hauhawar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki a Turai da Amurka, tare da rikice-rikice na geopolitical, rikice-rikicen makamashi da annoba, wadanda suka haifar da raguwa mai yawa a cikin bukatar jigilar kayayyaki."
Kang Shuchun, Shugaba na cibiyar sadarwa ta sufurin jiragen ruwa ta kasa da kasa ta kasar Sin: "Rashin daidaito tsakanin wadata da bukatu ya haifar da faduwar farashin jigilar kayayyaki."
Tasiri
Zuwa kamfanonin jigilar kaya:suna fuskantar matsin lamba don "sake tattaunawa" farashin kwangila, kuma sun ce sun sami buƙatu daga masu kaya don rage farashin kwangila.
Zuwa kasuwancin gida:Xu Kai, babban jami'in yada labarai na cibiyar binciken jiragen ruwa ta kasa da kasa ta Shanghai, ya shaidawa jaridar Global Times cewa, ya yi imanin cewa, yawan jigilar kayayyaki a bara ba shi da kyau, yayin da saurin nutsewa a bana ya fi kamari, kuma kamata ya yi kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki sun nuna rashin jin dadinsu kan sauye-sauyen kasuwa. Domin kiyaye farashin lodin kaya na layi, kamfanonin jigilar kaya suna ƙoƙarin yin amfani da farashin kaya azaman abin dogaro don haɓaka buƙatu. Asalin faduwar farashin sufurin kasuwa yana raguwar buqatar ciniki, kuma dabarun amfani da rage farashin ba zai kawo wata sabuwar buqata ba, sai dai zai haifar da mummunar gasa da rugujewa a kasuwar teku.
Don jigilar kaya:Yawan sabbin jiragen ruwa da kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki suka kaddamar ya kara tabarbare tsakanin kayayyaki da bukata. Kang Shuchun ya ce, a shekarar da ta gabata yawan kudin dakon kaya ya yi yawa, ya sanya kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki da yawa ke samun kudi mai yawa, kuma wasu manyan kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki sun sanya ribar da suke samu a cikin sabbin fasahohin jiragen ruwa, yayin da kafin barkewar annobar, karfin jigilar kayayyaki a duniya ya riga ya wuce adadin. Jaridar Wall Street Journal ta nakalto Braemar, mai ba da shawara kan makamashi da jigilar kayayyaki, yana cewa za a kaddamar da sabbin jiragen ruwa a cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa, kuma ana sa ran karuwar yawan jiragen ruwa zai wuce kashi 9 cikin 100 na shekara mai zuwa da kuma a shekarar 2024, yayin da yawan karuwar dakon kaya a duk shekara zai zama maras kyau a shekarar 2023, wanda zai kara tabarbarewar karfin da duniya ke fuskanta.
Kammalawa
Mahimmancin tafiyar hawainiya a kasuwa shine raguwar buƙatun ciniki, yin amfani da dabarun rage farashin ba zai haifar da wata sabuwar buƙata ba, sai dai zai haifar da muguwar gasa da kuma kawo cikas ga tsarin kasuwancin teku.
Amma yaƙe-yaƙe na farashi ba mafita ba ne mai dorewa a kowane lokaci. Manufofin canjin farashi da manufofin bin kasuwa ba za su iya taimaka wa kamfanoni don ci gaba da ci gabansu da samun gindin zama na dindindin a kasuwa ba; Hanya guda daya tilo don jure wa kasuwa shine nemo hanyoyin kiyayewa da inganta matakan sabis da haɓaka damar kasuwancin su.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-22-2022
