Tun bayan barkewar annobar, masana'antar kasuwanci da masana'antar sufuri sun kasance cikin rudani akai-akai. Shekaru biyu da suka gabata, jigilar kaya ta teku ta yi tashin gwauron zabi, kuma yanzu da alama ta faɗi cikin "farashin da aka saba" na shekaru biyu da suka gabata, amma shin kasuwa ma za ta iya komawa yadda take?
Bayanai
Sabon bugu na manyan fihirisar jigilar kaya guda huɗu a duniya ya ci gaba da raguwa sosai:
-Ma'aunin jigilar kaya na kwantena na Shanghai (SCFI) ya tsaya a maki 2562.12, inda ya ragu da maki 285.5. idan aka kwatanta da makon da ya gabata, wanda ya ragu da kashi 10.0% a kowane mako, kuma ya ragu a cikin makonni 13 a jere. Ya ragu da kashi 43.9% idan aka kwatanta da wannan lokacin a bara.
-Ma'aunin Kaya na Kwantena na Duniya na Delury (WCI) ya faɗi tsawon makonni 28 a jere, inda sabon bugu ya ragu da kashi 5% zuwa dala Amurka $5,378.68 a kowace FEU.
-Ma'aunin Haɗin Gwiwa na Duniya na Baltic Freight Index (FBX) a kan dala 4,862/FEU, ƙasa da kashi 8% a kowane mako.
-Ma'aunin Kayayyakin Kaya na Kwantena na Ningbo Export Container Freight Index (NCFI) na Kasuwar Sufuri ta Ningbo ya rufe da maki 1,910.9, wanda ya ragu da kashi 11.6 cikin 100 idan aka kwatanta da makon da ya gabata.
Mujallar SCFI ta baya-bayan nan (9.9) ta ci gaba da ganin raguwar dukkan manyan farashin jigilar kaya.
-Hanyoyin Arewacin Amurka: aikin kasuwar sufuri ya gaza inganta, tushen wadata da buƙata yana da rauni, wanda hakan ya haifar da ci gaba da raguwar farashin jigilar kaya.
-Farashin Amurka ta Yamma ya faɗi zuwa 3,484/FEU daga $3,959 a makon da ya gabata, raguwar mako-mako na $475 ko 12.0%, inda farashin Amurka ta Yamma ya kai sabon matsayi mafi ƙanƙanta tun watan Agusta na 2020.
-Farashin Amurka na Gabas ya faɗi zuwa $7,767/FEU daga $8,318 a makon da ya gabata, wanda ya ragu da $551, ko kashi 6.6 cikin ɗari, a kowane mako.
Dalilai
A lokacin annobar, an dakatar da hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki kuma an katse wasu kayayyaki a wasu ƙasashe, wanda ya haifar da "tarin kaya" a ƙasashe da yawa, wanda ya haifar da hauhawar farashin jigilar kaya a bara.
A wannan shekarar, matsin lamba kan hauhawar farashin tattalin arziki a duniya da raguwar buƙata sun sa ba zai yiwu a narke hannun jarin da aka tara a baya a kasuwa ba, wanda hakan ya sa masu shigo da kaya a Turai da Amurka rage ko ma soke odar kayayyaki, kuma "ƙarancin oda" yana yaɗuwa a duk faɗin duniya.
Ding Chun, farfesa a Cibiyar Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya, Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta Jami'ar Fudan: "Faduwar farashin kayayyaki ya faru ne galibi saboda hauhawar farashin kayayyaki a Turai da Amurka, wanda ya kara ta'azzara rikicin siyasa, rikicin makamashi da annoba, wanda ya haifar da raguwar bukatar jigilar kaya."
Kang Shuchun, Shugaba na Kamfanin China International Shipping Network: "Rashin daidaito tsakanin wadata da buƙata ya haifar da raguwar farashin jigilar kaya."
Tasiri
Ga kamfanonin jigilar kaya:suna fuskantar matsin lamba na "sake tattaunawa" kan farashin kwangila, kuma sun ce sun sami buƙatu daga masu kaya don rage farashin kwangila.
Ga kamfanonin cikin gida:Xu Kai, babban jami'in bayanai na Cibiyar Binciken Jiragen Ruwa ta Duniya ta Shanghai, ya shaida wa jaridar Global Times cewa ya yi imanin cewa hauhawar farashin jigilar kayayyaki a bara ba ta da kyau, yayin da faduwar da ta yi cikin sauri a wannan shekarar ta fi muni, kuma ya kamata ya zama martanin da kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki suka mayar ga canje-canjen kasuwa. Domin ci gaba da kula da yawan lodin kaya, kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki suna ƙoƙarin amfani da ƙimar jigilar kaya a matsayin abin dogaro don ƙara yawan buƙata. Babban dalilin raguwar buƙatar sufuri a kasuwa shine raguwar buƙatar ciniki, kuma dabarun amfani da rage farashi ba zai kawo wani sabon buƙata ba, amma zai haifar da gasa mai zafi da rashin tsari a kasuwar jiragen ruwa.
Don jigilar kaya:Yawan sabbin jiragen ruwa da manyan jiragen ruwa suka ƙaddamar ya ƙara ta'azzara gibin da ke tsakanin wadata da buƙata. Kang Shuchun ya ce hauhawar farashin kaya a bara ya sa kamfanonin jigilar kaya da yawa suka sami kuɗi mai yawa, kuma wasu manyan kamfanonin jigilar kaya sun saka ribar su a cikin sabbin gine-ginen jiragen ruwa, yayin da kafin barkewar cutar, ƙarfin jigilar kaya a duniya ya riga ya fi girma. Jaridar Wall Street Journal ta ambato Braemar, wata mai ba da shawara kan makamashi da jigilar kaya, tana cewa za a ƙaddamar da jerin sabbin jiragen ruwa a cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa kuma ana sa ran yawan karuwar jiragen ruwa zai wuce kashi 9 cikin 100 a shekara mai zuwa da kuma a shekarar 2024, yayin da yawan karuwar jigilar kaya na shekara-shekara zai koma mara kyau a shekarar 2023, wanda zai ƙara ta'azzara rashin daidaito tsakanin ƙarfin duniya da girma.
Kammalawa
Babban abin da ke haifar da jinkirin buƙatar sufuri a kasuwa shi ne raguwar buƙatar ciniki, amfani da dabarun rage farashi ba zai kawo wani sabon buƙata ba, amma zai haifar da gasa mai zafi da kuma kawo cikas ga tsarin kasuwar ruwa.
Amma yaƙin farashi ba mafita mai ɗorewa ba ce a kowane lokaci. Manufofin canza farashi da manufofin bin ƙa'idodin kasuwa ba za su iya taimaka wa kamfanoni su ci gaba da ci gaban su da kuma samun gindin zama na dindindin a kasuwa ba; hanya ɗaya tilo ta asali don jure wa kasuwa ita ce nemo hanyoyin kiyayewa da inganta matakan sabis da haɓaka ƙwarewar kasuwancin su.
Lokacin Saƙo: Satumba-22-2022
